WHEN DOES THE VIKING AGE START? Part IX

SWEYN FORKBEARD'S SURPRISE DEATH AND THE DECEMBER OF THE IMPLEMENT

By the end of 1013, Sweyn was at the height of his supremacy and governed Norway, Denmark, and England. But in February of the following year, he died again. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in 1014, "That year King Sweyn died on the Feast of the Presentation (February 2). " What is fascinating is that the Heimskringla provides more specific details about Sweyn 's death : " it happened when King Sweyn died suddenly during the night in his bed ; and the English say that Saint Edmund killed him, the same way Mercury killed Julian the Apostate. "

As a result, after Sweyn's sudden death, the empire he created fell apart almost immediately. In England, Aethelred returned from exile and governed until his death in 1016. Likewise, the throne of Norway passed to the locals. However, Sweyn's son, Cnut, would later revive his father's empire. Cnut ruled England much longer than his father, giving him more time to impress the British with what he had done. His deeds were recorded by English writers of the time, and therefore he is now known as 'Cnut the Great'. Sweyn, on the other hand, only ruled England for about five weeks, and had no deadlines to prove himself as an energetic manager.

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BYZANTINE VIKINGS: VARANGERS AND THEIR CONQUERATION

It is clear that the Vikings were one of the most famous indigenous peoples as traders, travelers and mercenaries in glorious history. They traveled across many lands, from North America to Greenland, their fame etched into the psyche of continental Europeans. However, few people know how far they have reached on the international map. In fact, their traditional cultural influence extends as far as the far east, to Russia and Turkey, for example, culminating in their direct influence on the formation of State Kiev Rus' in the 13th century.

According to the Russian Primary Chronicle, one of the most important documents documenting the impact of the Vikings on Russian soil, the Varangians — identified by the Greeks and Eastern Slavs — settled in Ladoga, Russia in the mid-750s, and later in the nearby Novgorod region. Unlike traces of the Scandinavian Vikings, their settlements started off unsettled as they needed tribute from the people they had conquered, the Baltic Fins and the Slavs. As a result, they were driven out of the Novgorod region for a period of time. However, It is interesting to note that the Finns and Slavs soon began to appreciate the rules that the Varangians had brought to their council and so they invited the Varangians to come back and bring them with them. similar to that. That was when Rurik (830 – 870), of Russian descent, was the first officially recorded pioneer to take command.

Rurik's relative Oleg had the duty and responsibility of spreading the Varangians' territorial sovereignty from Novgorod to the south, eventually capturing the Kiev region and laying the foundation of Varangian supremacy there in in 882. The region became the capital of the federation of Slavic tribes, which later merged into the Grand Duchy of Kiev Rus'. Following in the footsteps of Oleg, the reign of Vladimir the Great saw firsthand the entry of Christianity to the Varangians and their subsequent conversion. Descendants of Rurik and Oleg continuously took over the management and administration of the Kiev State, which eventually led to the construction of Tsarist Russia.

Not surprisingly, the Varangians were just as aggressive as their northern counterparts. While the Vikings' desire was to extend territorial sovereignty along the Atlantic and occupy the British Isles, the main potential of the Varangians was to monopolize Eastern cosmopolitan prosperity. They were so aggressive and obstinate that they deliberately waged war with the Byzantines for abundance in the event of their victory.

The Varangians are a major force in the region because they hold two vital trade routes from East to West. The Volga Road was an important 9th-century trade route connecting Northern Russia, also known as Gardariki by the Varangians, with the Middle East, also known as the Serkland. This trade route was famous for its exchange of wealth and products & goods from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea, and remained the predominant form of circulation and commerce until its decline in the 11th century. At that time, the Dnieper Road, which stretched from the Black Sea to the capital of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople, also played an important part in defending the city from the Turks.

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With the end of the Viking Age, the East saw firsthand the disappearance of the Scandinavians from their area, and the Varangians began to tune in and marry the natives. By the time the Grand Duchy of Kiev Rus' fell in 1240 at the heels of the Mongols, the Varangians were now relatively indistinguishable from the local Slavs. Despite the fusion of ethnicities, it is important to create a uniqueness between the Vikings and the Varangians in order to better understand their influence than in the glorious history of Russia (later).